Antivirus apps don’t work

Google security expert says it's time to switch to whitelisting instead of intrusion detection

A senior security engineer at Google has told a hacker conference that traditional antivirus apps that emply intrusion detection are useless and companies should switch to meaningful methods such as whitelisting applications.

At Kiwicon X, the New Zealand equivalent of the US Black Hat conference, Darren Bilby called many existing tools ineffective “magic” that engineers are forced to install for the sake of compliance but at the expense of real security.

“Please no more magic,” he said. “We need to stop investing in those things we have shown do not work.”

 

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“Antivirus does some useful things, but in reality it is more like a canary in the coal mine. It is worse than that. It’s like we are standing around the dead canary saying, ‘Thank God it inhaled all the poisonous gas,'” he said.

The antivirus blacklist technology, referred to as definitions by antivirus vendors, is basically a catalogue of known viruses that are used to check against unknown apps or code on the computer.

The inherent problem with that is you do not know what you do not know, so a new virus is not readily recognised against the current definitions until antivirus vendors get a sample and make a definition to detect it. Some of the better antivirus products have what are called heuristic detection, which looks for suspicious code and lets you isolate it and submit it for testing. This is how unknown or undiscovered viruses are sometimes caught.

Focus on whitelisting
Bilby wants security types to focus on tools such as whitelisting, hardware security keys and dynamic access rights efforts like Google’s Beyond Corp internal project. Whitelisting is the opposite of how antivirus apps work. It only allows apps to run from a list of approved apps. Anything else is denied execution.

Whitelisting has been around for a while, but it was not practical before ubiquitous internet connections and before cloud apps. Back in the 1990s when the shareware market was healthy, there were all kinds of obscure apps on PCs. Trying to keep a whitelist of all the shareware/freeware on places such as Tucows would have been a nightmare.

These days, though, everything is on the Web or in the cloud, and many have hardly anything except major apps such as Microsoft Office installed, so whitelisting seems at least feasible.

Bilby argued that safe internet use is a “horrible” idea, and telling users not to click on phishing links or download strange executables effectively shifts responsibility to them and away from those who manufactured hardware and software that is not secure enough to be used online.

“We are giving people systems that are not safe for the Internet, and we are blaming the user,” he said.

Not everyone might agree with that stance. This appears to be absolving the user of responsibility. Security hardware and software will not catch every phishing attack, and users need some common sense when it comes to an email from an unknown source that has a link in it. A driver must know the basics of running an automobile and how not to be a menace on the road, why should computer use be any different?

 

 

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const flag = getCountryUnicodeFlag(program.countryCode); const countryName = getCountryName(program.countryCode); const callingCode = program.countryCallingCode || ''; // Sanitize all values to prevent XSS const sanitizedCountryCode = sanitizeHtml(program.countryCode || ''); const sanitizedCountryName = sanitizeHtml(countryName || ''); const sanitizedCallingCode = sanitizeHtml(callingCode || ''); return '' + sanitizedCountryName + ' ' + sanitizedCallingCode + ''; }).join(''); } function getCountryName(countryCode) { if (window.MC?.smsPhoneData?.smsProgramDataCountryNames && Array.isArray(window.MC.smsPhoneData.smsProgramDataCountryNames)) { for (let i = 0; i < window.MC.smsPhoneData.smsProgramDataCountryNames.length; i++) { if (window.MC.smsPhoneData.smsProgramDataCountryNames[i].code === countryCode) { return window.MC.smsPhoneData.smsProgramDataCountryNames[i].name; } } } return countryCode; } function getDefaultPlaceholder(countryCode) { if (!countryCode || typeof countryCode !== 'string') { return '+1 000 000 0000'; // Default US placeholder } var mockPlaceholders = [ { countryCode: 'US', placeholder: '+1 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the US country code +1 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'GB', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the GB country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'CA', placeholder: '+1 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the CA country code +1 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'AU', placeholder: '+61 000 000 000', helpText: 'Include the AU country code +61 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'DE', placeholder: '+49 000 0000000', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die DE-Ländervorwahl +49 ein', }, { countryCode: 'FR', placeholder: '+33 0 00 00 00 00', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays FR +33 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'ES', placeholder: '+34 000 000 000', helpText: 'Incluya el código de país ES +34 antes del número de teléfono', }, { countryCode: 'NL', placeholder: '+31 0 00000000', helpText: 'Voeg de NL-landcode +31 toe vóór het telefoonnummer', }, { countryCode: 'BE', placeholder: '+32 000 00 00 00', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays BE +32 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'CH', placeholder: '+41 00 000 00 00', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die CH-Ländervorwahl +41 ein', }, { countryCode: 'AT', placeholder: '+43 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die AT-Ländervorwahl +43 ein', }, { countryCode: 'IE', placeholder: '+353 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the IE country code +353 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'IT', placeholder: '+39 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Includere il prefisso internazionale IT +39 prima del numero di telefono', }, { countryCode: 'NO', placeholder: '+47 000 00 000', helpText: 'Inkluder NO landskode +47 før telefonnummeret', }, { countryCode: 'SE', placeholder: '+46 00 000 00 00', helpText: 'Inkludera SE landskod +46 före telefonnumret', }, { countryCode: 'DK', placeholder: '+45 00 00 00 00', helpText: 'Inkluder DK landekode +45 før telefonnummeret', }, { countryCode: 'FI', placeholder: '+358 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Sisällytä FI-maakoodi +358 ennen puhelinnumeroa', }, { countryCode: 'EE', placeholder: '+372 0000 0000', helpText: 'Lisage EE riigikood +372 telefoninumbri ette', }, { countryCode: 'PL', placeholder: '+48 000 000 000', helpText: 'Podaj numer kierunkowy PL +48 przed numerem telefonu', }, { countryCode: 'SK', placeholder: '+421 000 000 000', helpText: 'Pred telefónne číslo uveďte kód krajiny SK +421', }, { countryCode: 'LV', placeholder: '+371 0000 0000', helpText: 'Iekļaujiet LV valsts kodu +371 pirms tālruņa numura', }, { countryCode: 'LT', placeholder: '+370 0000 0000', helpText: 'Įtraukite LT šalies kodą +370 prieš telefono numerį', }, { countryCode: 'GR', placeholder: '+30 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Συμπεριλάβετε τον κωδικό χώρας GR +30 πριν από τον αριθμό τηλεφώνου', }, { countryCode: 'PT', placeholder: '+351 000 000 000', helpText: 'Inclua o código de país PT +351 antes do número de telefone', }, { countryCode: 'HR', placeholder: '+385 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Uključite HR pozivni broj države +385 prije telefonskog broja', }, { countryCode: 'SI', placeholder: '+386 00 000 000', helpText: 'Vključite SI kodo države +386 pred telefonsko številko', }, { countryCode: 'IS', placeholder: '+354 000 0000', helpText: 'Láttu IS landsnúmer +354 fylgja á undan símanúmerinu', }, { countryCode: 'LU', placeholder: '+352 000 000 000', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays LU +352 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'MC', placeholder: '+377 00 00 00 00', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays MC +377 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'AD', placeholder: '+376 000 000', helpText: 'Incloeu el codi de país AD +376 abans del número de telèfon', }, { countryCode: 'JE', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the JE country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'IM', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the IM country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'GG', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the GG country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'AL', placeholder: '+355 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Përfshini kodin e vendit AL +355 para numrit të telefonit', }, { countryCode: 'SM', placeholder: '+378 0000 000000', helpText: 'Includere il prefisso internazionale SM +378 prima del numero di telefono', }, { countryCode: 'FO', placeholder: '+298 000000', helpText: 'Inkluder FO landekode +298 før telefonnummeret', }, { countryCode: 'MT', placeholder: '+356 0000 0000', helpText: 'Include the MT country code +356 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'LI', placeholder: '+423 000 0000', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die LI-Ländervorwahl +423 ein', }, { countryCode: 'GI', placeholder: '+350 000 00000', helpText: 'Include the GI country code +350 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'MD', placeholder: '+373 00 000 000', helpText: 'Includeți codul de țară MD +373 înaintea numărului de telefon', }, { countryCode: 'HU', placeholder: '+36 00 000 0000', helpText: 'A telefonszám előtt adja meg a HU országkódot +36', }, { countryCode: 'NZ', placeholder: '+64 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the NZ country code +64 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'ME', placeholder: '+382 00 000 000', helpText: 'Uključite ME pozivni broj države +382 prije telefonskog broja', }, ]; const selectedPlaceholder = mockPlaceholders.find(function(item) { return item && item.countryCode === countryCode; }); return selectedPlaceholder ? selectedPlaceholder.placeholder : mockPlaceholders[0].placeholder; } function updatePlaceholder(countryCode, fieldName) { if (!countryCode || !fieldName) { return; } const phoneInput = document.querySelector('#mce-' + fieldName); if (!phoneInput) { return; } const placeholder = getDefaultPlaceholder(countryCode); if (placeholder) { phoneInput.placeholder = placeholder; } } function updateCountryCodeInstruction(countryCode, fieldName) { updatePlaceholder(countryCode, fieldName); } function getDefaultHelpText(countryCode) { var mockPlaceholders = [ { countryCode: 'US', placeholder: '+1 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the US country code +1 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'GB', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the GB country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'CA', placeholder: '+1 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the CA country code +1 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'AU', placeholder: '+61 000 000 000', helpText: 'Include the AU country code +61 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'DE', placeholder: '+49 000 0000000', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die DE-Ländervorwahl +49 ein', }, { countryCode: 'FR', placeholder: '+33 0 00 00 00 00', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays FR +33 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'ES', placeholder: '+34 000 000 000', helpText: 'Incluya el código de país ES +34 antes del número de teléfono', }, { countryCode: 'NL', placeholder: '+31 0 00000000', helpText: 'Voeg de NL-landcode +31 toe vóór het telefoonnummer', }, { countryCode: 'BE', placeholder: '+32 000 00 00 00', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays BE +32 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'CH', placeholder: '+41 00 000 00 00', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die CH-Ländervorwahl +41 ein', }, { countryCode: 'AT', placeholder: '+43 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die AT-Ländervorwahl +43 ein', }, { countryCode: 'IE', placeholder: '+353 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the IE country code +353 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'IT', placeholder: '+39 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Includere il prefisso internazionale IT +39 prima del numero di telefono', }, { countryCode: 'NO', placeholder: '+47 000 00 000', helpText: 'Inkluder NO landskode +47 før telefonnummeret', }, { countryCode: 'SE', placeholder: '+46 00 000 00 00', helpText: 'Inkludera SE landskod +46 före telefonnumret', }, { countryCode: 'DK', placeholder: '+45 00 00 00 00', helpText: 'Inkluder DK landekode +45 før telefonnummeret', }, { countryCode: 'FI', placeholder: '+358 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Sisällytä FI-maakoodi +358 ennen puhelinnumeroa', }, { countryCode: 'EE', placeholder: '+372 0000 0000', helpText: 'Lisage EE riigikood +372 telefoninumbri ette', }, { countryCode: 'PL', placeholder: '+48 000 000 000', helpText: 'Podaj numer kierunkowy PL +48 przed numerem telefonu', }, { countryCode: 'SK', placeholder: '+421 000 000 000', helpText: 'Pred telefónne číslo uveďte kód krajiny SK +421', }, { countryCode: 'LV', placeholder: '+371 0000 0000', helpText: 'Iekļaujiet LV valsts kodu +371 pirms tālruņa numura', }, { countryCode: 'LT', placeholder: '+370 0000 0000', helpText: 'Įtraukite LT šalies kodą +370 prieš telefono numerį', }, { countryCode: 'GR', placeholder: '+30 000 000 0000', helpText: 'Συμπεριλάβετε τον κωδικό χώρας GR +30 πριν από τον αριθμό τηλεφώνου', }, { countryCode: 'PT', placeholder: '+351 000 000 000', helpText: 'Inclua o código de país PT +351 antes do número de telefone', }, { countryCode: 'HR', placeholder: '+385 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Uključite HR pozivni broj države +385 prije telefonskog broja', }, { countryCode: 'SI', placeholder: '+386 00 000 000', helpText: 'Vključite SI kodo države +386 pred telefonsko številko', }, { countryCode: 'IS', placeholder: '+354 000 0000', helpText: 'Láttu IS landsnúmer +354 fylgja á undan símanúmerinu', }, { countryCode: 'LU', placeholder: '+352 000 000 000', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays LU +352 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'MC', placeholder: '+377 00 00 00 00', helpText: 'Incluez le code pays MC +377 avant le numéro de téléphone', }, { countryCode: 'AD', placeholder: '+376 000 000', helpText: 'Incloeu el codi de país AD +376 abans del número de telèfon', }, { countryCode: 'JE', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the JE country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'IM', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the IM country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'GG', placeholder: '+44 0000 000000', helpText: 'Include the GG country code +44 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'AL', placeholder: '+355 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Përfshini kodin e vendit AL +355 para numrit të telefonit', }, { countryCode: 'SM', placeholder: '+378 0000 000000', helpText: 'Includere il prefisso internazionale SM +378 prima del numero di telefono', }, { countryCode: 'FO', placeholder: '+298 000000', helpText: 'Inkluder FO landekode +298 før telefonnummeret', }, { countryCode: 'MT', placeholder: '+356 0000 0000', helpText: 'Include the MT country code +356 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'LI', placeholder: '+423 000 0000', helpText: 'Fügen Sie vor der Telefonnummer die LI-Ländervorwahl +423 ein', }, { countryCode: 'GI', placeholder: '+350 000 00000', helpText: 'Include the GI country code +350 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'MD', placeholder: '+373 00 000 000', helpText: 'Includeți codul de țară MD +373 înaintea numărului de telefon', }, { countryCode: 'HU', placeholder: '+36 00 000 0000', helpText: 'A telefonszám előtt adja meg a HU országkódot +36', }, { countryCode: 'NZ', placeholder: '+64 00 000 0000', helpText: 'Include the NZ country code +64 before the phone number', }, { countryCode: 'ME', placeholder: '+382 00 000 000', helpText: 'Uključite ME pozivni broj države +382 prije telefonskog broja', }, ]; if (!countryCode || typeof countryCode !== 'string') { return mockPlaceholders[0].helpText; } const selectedHelpText = mockPlaceholders.find(function(item) { return item && item.countryCode === countryCode; }); return selectedHelpText ? selectedHelpText.helpText : mockPlaceholders[0].helpText; } function setDefaultHelpText(countryCode) { const helpTextSpan = document.querySelector('#help-text'); if (!helpTextSpan) { return; } } function updateHelpTextCountryCode(countryCode, fieldName) { if (!countryCode || !fieldName) { return; } setDefaultHelpText(countryCode); } function initializeSmsPhoneDropdown(fieldName) { if (!fieldName || typeof fieldName !== 'string') { return; } const dropdown = document.querySelector('#country-select-' + fieldName); const displayFlag = document.querySelector('#flag-display-' + fieldName); if (!dropdown || !displayFlag) { return; } const smsPhoneData = window.MC?.smsPhoneData; if (smsPhoneData && smsPhoneData.programs && Array.isArray(smsPhoneData.programs)) { dropdown.innerHTML = generateDropdownOptions(smsPhoneData.programs); } const defaultProgram = getDefaultCountryProgram(smsPhoneData?.defaultCountryCode, smsPhoneData?.programs); if (defaultProgram && defaultProgram.countryCode) { dropdown.value = defaultProgram.countryCode; const flagSpan = displayFlag?.querySelector('#flag-emoji-' + fieldName); if 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Name","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":2},"MMERGE3":{"name":"MMERGE3","label":"Company Name","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Company Name","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":3},"MMERGE4":{"name":"MMERGE4","label":"Job Title","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Job Title","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":4},"SIGNUP":{"name":"SIGNUP","label":"Signup form location","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Signup form location","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":5},"MMERGE6":{"name":"MMERGE6","label":"Image URL","helper_text":"","type":"imageurl","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Image URL","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":6}}).find(function(f) { return f.name === fieldName && f.type === 'smsphone'; }); var isRequired = smsField ? smsField.required : false; var shouldAppendCountryCode = smsNotRequiredRemoveCountryCodeEnabled ? isRequired : true; var phoneInput = document.querySelector('#mce-' + fieldName); if (phoneInput && defaultProgram.countryCallingCode && shouldAppendCountryCode) { phoneInput.value = defaultProgram.countryCallingCode; } displayFlag?.addEventListener('click', function(e) { dropdown.focus(); }); dropdown?.addEventListener('change', function() { const selectedCountry = this.value; if (!selectedCountry || typeof selectedCountry !== 'string') { return; } const flagSpan = displayFlag?.querySelector('#flag-emoji-' + fieldName); if (flagSpan) { flagSpan.textContent = getCountryUnicodeFlag(selectedCountry); flagSpan.setAttribute('aria-label', sanitizeHtml(selectedCountry) + ' flag'); } const selectedProgram = window.MC?.smsPhoneData?.programs.find(function(program) { return program && program.countryCode === selectedCountry; }); var smsNotRequiredRemoveCountryCodeEnabled = true; var smsField = Object.values({"EMAIL":{"name":"EMAIL","label":"Email Address","helper_text":"","type":"email","required":true,"audience_field_name":"Email Address","merge_id":0,"help_text_enabled":false,"enabled":true,"order":0,"field_type":"merge"},"FNAME":{"name":"FNAME","label":"First Name","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"First Name","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":1},"MMERGE2":{"name":"MMERGE2","label":"Second Name","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Second Name","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":2},"MMERGE3":{"name":"MMERGE3","label":"Company Name","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Company Name","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":3},"MMERGE4":{"name":"MMERGE4","label":"Job Title","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Job Title","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":4},"SIGNUP":{"name":"SIGNUP","label":"Signup form location","helper_text":"","type":"text","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Signup form location","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":5},"MMERGE6":{"name":"MMERGE6","label":"Image URL","helper_text":"","type":"imageurl","required":false,"audience_field_name":"Image URL","enabled":false,"order":null,"field_type":"merge","merge_id":6}}).find(function(f) { return f.name === fieldName && f.type === 'smsphone'; }); var isRequired = smsField ? smsField.required : false; var shouldAppendCountryCode = smsNotRequiredRemoveCountryCodeEnabled ? isRequired : true; var phoneInput = document.querySelector('#mce-' + fieldName); if (phoneInput && selectedProgram.countryCallingCode && shouldAppendCountryCode) { phoneInput.value = selectedProgram.countryCallingCode; } updateSmsLegalText(selectedCountry, fieldName); updatePlaceholder(selectedCountry, fieldName); updateCountryCodeInstruction(selectedCountry, fieldName); }); } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { const smsPhoneFields = document.querySelectorAll('[id^="country-select-"]'); smsPhoneFields.forEach(function(dropdown) { const fieldName = dropdown?.id.replace('country-select-', ''); initializeSmsPhoneDropdown(fieldName); }); });

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