Researchers warn of increase in attacks against Zoho software
Security researchers have observed a significant increase in the number of attacks against Zoho software, with a number of instances and organisations already affected across the world.
A total of 13 organisations across industries including defence, energy, technology supply chain, healthcare, and education have been compromised over a three-month period, according to Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42.
Successful exploitation of the software flaws can lead to remote code execution (RCE) and supply attacks using administrator privileges.
Attacks began back in September when CISA warned of cyber criminals exploiting a newly identified, critical-rated vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2021-40539, in ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus, a self-service password management and single sign-on solution product from Zoho.
Zoho issued a patch for the exploit in September, followed by an advisory on 22 November explaining the severity of the issue to customers and urging them to patch their systems.
However, researchers at Unit 42 drew attention to a second campaign targeting a different Zoho product in November. The exploit tracked as CVE-2021-44077 which affects ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus, a help desk and asset management product, was more sophisticated and difficult to detect, researchers noted.
Unit 42 researchers determined that 47% of ADSelfService Plus and 62% of ADServiceDesk Plus instances across the globe are still using vulnerable versions and have yet to be patched by customers.
The most recent findings from the past two weeks have confirmed an additional four businesses compromised using the vulnerabilities, two in ADSelfService Plus and two in ServiceDesk Plus, bringing the total to 13 after an initial nine cases were confirmed.
Researchers said they hadn’t identified any publicly available proof of concept code for the exploit but observed that the group behind the attacks was indeed using one of their own exploits to compromise unpatched versions of the software.
The group used a variety of initial access vectors to breach Zoho’s infrastructure, allowing them to drop a Godzilla webshell using RCE to provide the group with additional access and persistence in compromised systems.
Two requests were sent to the REST API allowing the attackers to upload the msiexec.exe executable and launch the malicious payload.
Godzilla was used in attacks on both ADSelfService Plus and ADServiceDesk Plus, but used different files. A Java Server Pages (JSP) file was used with ADSelfService Plus but Godzilla was dropped using an Apache Tomcat Java Servlet Filter with ADServiceDesk Plus.
Using a filter allowed attackers to sift inbound and outbound requests to determine which were meant for the webshell. Installing Godzilla as a webshell also meant that there was no specific URL used by the group to send its requests to the webshell, and it could also bypass a ADServiceDesk Plus security filter designed to stop webshells.
Unit 42 researchers said “the best defence against this evolving campaign is a security posture that favours prevention”. Businesses are advised to patch all instances and assess the business need for all internet-facing Zoho products.
Zoho customers are also advised to review all files that have been created in the affected products since October 2021 and get in touch with Unit 42 if they think they are affected.
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